TotalEnergies SE TTE Stock Price, News, Quote & History

107Parisi AF, Moynihan PF, Folland ED, Strauss WE, Sharma GV, Sasahara AA. Echocardiography in acute and remote myocardial infarction. A rapid diagnostic and treatment center for patients with chest pain in the emergency department. 85Peels CH, Visser CA, Kupper AJ, Visser FC, Roos JP. Usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography for immediate detection of myocardial ischemia in the emergency room.

TEE may avoid most of these limitations because there is no interposed lung tissue between the transducer and the heart. Static indexes obtained with echocardiography include volume and filling pressure parameters . The fastest evaluation of the volume status of cardiac chambers is obtained by visual evaluation. An indication of severe hypovolemia is the “kissing papillary muscle sign”, where opposing papillary muscles come into contact with each other at the end of the systole .

Evaluation of valvular regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography. These categories assume that high-quality TTE is feasible and has been conducted to evaluate all potential cardiac sources of embolus. 1Total indicates number of patients in each subgroup for whom each entity was specifically tabulated transfomrs in the referenced studies. The placement of intracardiac and intravascular devices can be aided by echocardiographic guidance. Likewise, placement of catheters for radiofrequency ablation of arrhythmogenic pathways can be facilitated by TEE when there are intracardiac abnormalities.

In terms of educational development, Total provides scholarships worth millions of euros annually to international students to study in France. The students mainly come from Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East where Total Operates. The scholarship involves the payment of Tuition and a monthly allowance of 1400 Euros . The allowance is able to cater for feeding, transportation, and accommodation for the students. The drop in oil prices in 2015 has led to the reduction of the number of scholars. In 2010, Total was accused of bribing Iraqi officials during former president Saddam Hussein’s regime to secure oil supplies.

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Although, in general, echocardiographic evaluation should be reserved for those for whom there is a clinical suspicion of structural heart disease, there may be a therapeutic role for cardiac ultrasound by reassuring the anxious patient that the heart is structurally normal. Unless there are other indications for testing, echocardiography need not be performed in a subject with palpitation for which an arrhythmic basis has been ruled out. Simultaneous dobutamine stress echocardiography and technetium-99m isonitrile single-photon emission computed tomography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. The categories of structural cardiovascular disease in the infant, child, or adolescent are identical to those encountered in the neonate . The presence of heart disease is more likely to be recognized in the older population because of an abnormal clinical finding. Therefore, echocardiography plays a less important role in screening for heart disease than it does in the neonatal period.

• 229Rakowski H, Sasson Z, Wigle ED. Echocardiographic and Doppler assessment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
• It also provides essential information concerning the natural history of the abnormality and responses to medical and surgical management.
• The third criterion is the capability of a test to alter diagnostic and prognostic thinking, ie, to offer added value.
• Respiratory changes in aortic blood velocity as an indicator of fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients with septic shock.

31Burwash IG, Pearlman AS, Kraft CD, Miyake-Hull C, Healy NL, Otto CM. Flow dependence of measures of aortic stenosis severity during exercise. 29Otto CM, Pearlman AS. Doppler echocardiography in adults with symptomatic aortic stenosis. 21Stamm RB, Martin RP. Quantification of pressure gradients across stenotic valves by Doppler ultrasound. 20Martin RP, Rakowski H, Kleiman JH, Beaver W, td ameritrade forex review London E, Popp RL. Reliability and reproducibility of two dimensional echocardiograph measurement of the stenotic mitral valve orifice area. 5Cunnion RE, Natanson C. Echocardiography, pulmonary artery catheterization, and radionuclide cineangiography in septic shock. 2Guyatt GH, Tugwell PX, Feeny DH, Haynes RB, Drummond M. A framework for clinical evaluation of diagnostic technologies.

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Particularly in the case of a mechanical valve, TTE may be helpful only when there is a large or mobile vegetation or significant regurgitation. Thus, the technique cannot be used to exclude the presence of small vegetations. These limitations are diminished with the use of transesophageal recording techniques because of the superior imaging quality and posterior transducer position. Thus, transesophageal techniques have enhanced echocardiographic assessment of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis, especially of the mitral valve and of both mitral and aortic annular areas for abscesses. Two-dimensional echocardiography can provide excellent images of the heart, paracardiac structures, and the great vessels. Because it depends on satisfactory examining windows from the body surface to the cardiovascular structures, there may be limitations on its use for adult patients.

The collaboration of a multidisciplinary perinatal team provides support for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions . Patients with longstanding indwelling catheters and evidence for sepsis, cyanosis, or right-heart failure should be screened for the presence of thrombus or vegetation on the catheter. The patient with intracardiac right-to-left shunting and indwelling catheter should be evaluated by echocardiography when there are suggestive symptoms or findings of systemic embolization. Of special importance is the recognition that congenital heart disease is relatively infrequent in the practice of the cardiologist who sees adults.

The differing capabilities of the several types of available Doppler echocardiographic techniques are outlined in Table 1. Recognizing the strengths of each technique will enable the physician to order the appropriate study. Generally a complete transthoracic echocardiogram and Doppler study is called for unless otherwise specified. Notably, in the study by Vignon, 470 patients (87%) were receiving catecholamines at the time of echocardiographic assessment, and the average administered volume during the preceding 24 hours was 2.5±2.7 litres. Thus, hypothesizing a mean patient weight of 70 kg, the studied population would have received, on average, about 38.6 mL/kg/h in the first 24 hours.

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Value of transthoracic echocardiography in predicting embolic events in active infective endocarditis. 54Nishimura RA, McGoon MD, Shub C, Miller FA, Ilstrup DM, Tajik AJ. Echocardiographically documented mitral-valve prolapse. 37Smith MD, Grayburn PA, Spain MG, DeMaria AN. Observer variability in the quantitation of Doppler color flow jet areas for mitral and aortic regurgitation.

Echocardiography-contrast substances that can pass through the pulmonary circulation and opacify the left heart are in development. Echocardiography-contrast injections into the coronary artery to quantitate myocardium at risk and perfusion territories and the second harmonic echocardiogram to enhance echocardiographic contrast also are not addressed. The fortfs broker American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association have jointly engaged in the production of such guidelines in the area of cardiovascular disease since 1980. This effort is directed by the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Its charge is to develop and revise practice guidelines for important cardiovascular diseases and procedures.

Patients in whom a mass may be suspected because of a predisposing condition include those with rheumatic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and atrial fibrillation, as well as following anteroapical myocardial infarction. Patients with malignancies known to have a high incidence of cardiovascular involvement may be appropriate targets for screening. This includes individuals with hypernephroma as well as those with metastatic melanoma or metastatic disease with known primary tumors of intrathoracic organs. Clinical suspicion of disease entities such as endocarditis in which a mass is known to develop would also fall into the latter category.

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When an initial postoperative stress echocardiographic study is negative for inducible ischemia, but a subsequent test is positive, the likelihood of graft closure or development of new obstructive lesions can be inferred. Prognostic value of high dose dipyridamole echocardiography in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular function. Acute interruption of blood flow to the cerebral vasculature or a peripheral artery results in an identifiable clinical syndrome such as transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, acute limb ischemia, or mesenteric or renal artery insufficiency. The above clinical scenarios can be the result of intrinsic local vascular disease, atheromatous emboli from proximal vessels, or emboli of cardiac origin. Cardioembolic disease refers to the heart as the origin of an occlusive embolus with subsequent migration to a target organ. Depending on the target organ, the age of the patient, and the likelihood of underlying primary vascular disease, the prevalence of a cardioembolic etiology is highly variable.

Although a number of systemic diseases have the potential to involve the heart, there appears to be little role and generally few options for treatment of asymptomatic cardiac disease in this setting. Thus, the role of echocardiographic screening of these subjects is debatable. The prevalence of thrombus in patients with atrial flutter appears to be lower than that for those with atrial fibrillation or fibrillation/flutter.342 However, no studies have addressed the role of pericardioversion anticoagulation and TEE in these patients. TTE and TEE are accurate, high-resolution techniques for identifying masses within any of the four cardiac chambers. Masses that can be identified by echocardiographic techniques include primary tumors of the heart, such as atrial myxoma, metastatic disease from extracardiac primary sites, thrombi within any of the four chambers, and vegetations on any of the four cardiac valves.

Abnormal diastolic ventricular function, which frequently accompanies impaired systolic function but may also occur when global systolic function is normal, also can be evaluated (see section V, “Cardiomyopathy and Assessment of Left Ventricular Function”). Given the frequent use of reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction, assessment of myocardial salvage is an important clinical issue. Serial echocardiographic studies can be used to assess recovery of regional myocardial function from initial stunning.

Unfortunately, it has been demonstrated that the majority of hypotensive septic shock patients do not respond to fluid administration . Despite its listing in the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, there is no clear evidence that substantial (30 mL/kg) fluid resuscitation reliably improves end-organ perfusion in septic patients. In light of this, the early use of norepinephrine, as in the study by Vignon, suggests the timely use of intravenous vasopressors should be considered as a feasible alternative to haemodynamic optimisation in septic patients . E, E wave obtained with Doppler echocardiography; A, A wave obtained with Doppler echocardiography; E’, E’ wave obtained with Doppler echocardiography. ABF, aortic blood flow; LVEDA, left ventricular end diastolic area; PLR, passive leg raising. A number of invasive, less-invasive and non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring systems provide CO .

A United Nations report later revealed that Iraqi officials had received bribes from oil companies to secure contracts worth over $10bn. On 26 February 2016, the Paris Court of Appeals considered Total guilty and ordered the company to pay a fine of €750,000 for corrupting Iraqi civil servants. In 2008, Total was required to pay €192 million in compensation to victims of the pollution caused by the sinking of the ship Erika. This was in addition to the €200 million that Total spent to help clean up the spill.

It has been shown that the use of echocardiography can improve outcomes, even when employed at the basic level . Kanji and colleagues, for instance, showed a significant reduction in acute kidney injury and mortality in critically ill patients who were monitored and managed with echocardiography . 469Anderson TM, Meyer RA, Kaplan S. Long-term echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac size and function in patients with Kawasaki disease. Echocardiographic versus cardiac catheterization diagnosis of infants with congenital heart disease requiring cardiac surgery.